@article {14,
	title = {Minimally invasive multimode optical fiber microendoscope for deep brain fluorescence imaging},
	journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	pages = {1492-1509},
	abstract = {<p>A major open challenge in neuroscience is the ability to measure and perturb neural activity in vivo from well defined neural sub-populations at cellular resolution anywhere in the brain. However, limitations posed by scattering and absorption prohibit non-invasive multi-photon approaches for deep (\&gt;2mm) structures, while gradient refractive index (GRIN) endoscopes are relatively thick and can cause significant damage upon insertion. Here, we present a novel micro-endoscope design to image neural activity at arbitrary depths via an ultra-thin multi-mode optical fiber (MMF) probe that has 5-10X thinner diameter than commercially available micro-endoscopes. We demonstrate micron-scale resolution, multi-spectral and volumetric imaging. In contrast to previous approaches, we show that this method has an improved acquisition speed that is sufficient to capture rapid neuronal dynamics in-vivo in rodents expressing a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GCaMP). Our results emphasize the potential of this technology in neuroscience applications and open up possibilities for cellular resolution imaging in previously unreachable brain regions.</p>
},
	issn = {2156-7085},
	doi = {10.1364/BOE.9.001492},
	url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-9-4-1492},
	author = {Ohayon, Shay and Caravaca-Aguirre, Antonio and Piestun, Rafael and DiCarlo, James J.}
}
